Analysis of Influencing Factors of Heat Treatment of Powder Metallurgy Materials

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• Tag: Powder Metallurgy Materials
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Heat Treatment of Powder Metallurgy Materials The pores generated in the sintering process of powder metallurgy materials are their inherent characteristics, whic...

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Analysis of Influencing Factors of Heat Treatment of Powder Metallurgy Materials

The pores generated in the sintering process of powder metallurgy materials are their inherent characteristics, which also have a great influence on the heat treatment, especially the relationship between the change of porosity and the heat treatment. In order to improve the compactness and grain size, the added alloying elements are also Has a certain effect on heat treatment.

1. The effect of pores on the heat treatment process

During the heat treatment of powder metallurgy materials, rapid cooling is used to inhibit the diffusion of austenite into other structures, thereby obtaining martensite, and the existence of pores has a great influence on the heat dissipation of the material. By the thermal conductivity formula:

Thermal conductivity = Theoretical thermal conductivity of metal × (1-2 × porosity)/100

It can be seen that the hardenability decreases with increasing porosity. On the other hand, porosity also affects the density of the material, and the effect on the surface hardness and hardening depth of the material after heat treatment is related to the effect of density, which reduces the surface hardness of the material. Moreover, because of the existence of pores, brine cannot be used as a medium during quenching, so as to avoid corrosion caused by residual salt, so the general heat treatment is carried out in a vacuum or gas medium.

2. The effect of porosity on the surface hardening depth during heat treatment

The heat treatment effect of powder metallurgy materials is related to the density, permeability (hardenability), thermal conductivity and electrical resistance of the material. Porosity is the biggest cause of these factors. When the porosity exceeds 8%, the gas will rapidly penetrate through the voids. In the case of carburizing hardening, increasing the carburizing depth reduces the effect of surface hardening. Moreover, if the infiltration rate of carburizing gas is too fast, soft spots will be generated during quenching, which will reduce the surface hardness and make the material brittle and deformed.

3. Effect of alloy content and type on powder metallurgy heat treatment

Common alloying elements are copper and nickel, and their content and type will affect the heat treatment effect. The depth of heat treatment hardening increases with the increase of copper content and carbon content and gradually decreases when it reaches a certain content; the stiffness of nickel alloy is greater than that of copper alloy, but the inhomogeneity of nickel content will lead to inhomogeneous austenite structure.

4. Influence of high temperature sintering

Although high temperature sintering can achieve the best alloying effect and promote densification, the difference in sintering temperature, especially when the temperature is lower, will lead to decreased heat treatment sensitivity (reduced alloy in solid solution) and mechanical properties. Therefore, using high-temperature sintering, supplemented by a sufficient reducing atmosphere, can obtain a better heat treatment effect.

5.Conclusion

The heat treatment process of powder metallurgy materials is a complex process, which is related to porosity, alloy type, alloy element content, and sintering temperature. Compared with dense materials, the internal uniformity is poor. In order to obtain higher hardenability In order to increase the full austenitization temperature and prolong the time, heterogeneous austenite carburization can obtain a high carbon concentration that is not limited by the austenite saturated carbon concentration. In addition, adding alloying elements can also improve the hardenability. Steam treatment can significantly improve its corrosion resistance and surface hardness.