What are the classifications of spring steel plates?

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What are the classifications of spring steel plates? Spring steel is divided into non-alloy spring steel (ie carbon spring steel) and alloy spring steel. Alloy spring steel: generally contains 0.45...

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What are the classifications of spring steel plates?

Spring steel is divided into non-alloy spring steel (ie carbon spring steel) and alloy spring steel.

Alloy spring steel: generally contains 0.45%~0.70% carbon and a certain amount of alloying elements such as Si, Mn, Cr, V, W and B. The addition of alloying elements improves the anti-relaxation properties of spring steel and improves the toughness of steel.

Carbon spring steel: steel contains 0.60%~0.90% carbon and 0.3%~1.20% manganese, no other alloying elements are added, and the cost is low.Spring steel for automobiles and motorcycles can be divided into spring steel for suspension and spring steel for valve springs.

1. Classification of spring steel

(1) Classification by chemical composition

According to GB/T13304 standard, spring steel is divided into non-alloy spring steel (carbon spring steel) and alloy spring steel according to its chemical composition.

1) Carbon spring steel
The carbon content (mass fraction) of carbon spring steel is generally 0.62%~0.90%. According to its manganese content, it is divided into general manganese content (mass fraction) (0, 50%~0, 80%) such as 65, 70, 85 and higher manganese content (mass fraction) (0, 90~1, 20%) , such as 65Mn two types.

2) Alloy spring steel
Alloy spring steel is based on carbon steel, by appropriately adding one or several alloying elements to improve the mechanical properties, hardenability and other properties of the steel to meet the properties required for the manufacture of various springs.

The basic composition series of alloy spring steel are: silicon-manganese spring steel, silicon-chromium spring steel, chromium-manganese spring steel, chromium-vanadium spring steel, tungsten-chromium-vanadium spring steel, etc. On the basis of these series, some grades have added alloying elements such as molybdenum, vanadium or boron in order to improve their performance in some aspects.

In addition, some grades are also selected as spring steel from other steels, such as high-quality carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel, high-speed tool steel, and stainless steel.

(2)Classification according to production and processing methods

1) Hot-rolled (forged) steel includes hot-rolled round steel, square steel, flat steel, steel plate, forged round steel and square steel.

2) Cold-drawn (rolled) steel includes steel wire, steel strip, and cold-drawn material (cold-drawn round steel).

(3) Classification according to the delivery status of steel

1) Hot rolled (forged) steel

A. Delivered in hot-rolled (forged) condition Steel is hot-formed into springs, then quenched and tempered.

B. Delivered in Annealed Condition Steel is cold formed into springs, then quenched and tempered.

All of the above shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding hardness in the delivery state.

2) Cold drawn (rolled) steel

A. Steel wire

① Salt-bath isothermal quenching cold-drawn steel wire (also known as Peddon-treated cold-drawn steel wire) After the steel wire is made into a spring, it only needs to be tempered at low temperature to relieve stress.

② Oil quenched and tempered steel wire After cold drawing to the required size, continuous heating, continuous oil quenching and lead tempering are performed. After the steel wire is made into a spring, it only needs to be warmed at the bottom to relieve stress.

③ Cold-drawn steel wire (ie, steel wire without quenching and tempering)

a. Delivered in cold drawn condition.

b. Delivered in annealed, normalized or tempered condition.

The steel wire delivered in the above two states needs to be quenched and tempered after being made into a spring.

B. Steel belt

① Delivery in cold-rolled state After the spring is made, it needs to be tempered at low temperature to relieve stress.

② Delivery in quenched and tempered state After the spring is made, it needs to be tempered at low temperature to relieve stress.

③ Delivered in annealed state. Quenching and tempering are required after the spring is made.

C. Cold drawn steel

Delivered in annealed condition Steel is cold formed into springs, then quenched and tempered.

(4) Other classification methods

In addition to the above, there are some other classification methods such as:

According to different delivery conditions, it can be divided into delivery according to chemical composition (mechanical properties) and delivery according to hardenability.

According to the working conditions of the spring, it can be divided into static load spring steel, shock load spring steel, high (low) temperature resistant spring and corrosion resistant spring steel.